AS ISO 10987:2021 pdf download – Earth-moving machinery — Sustainability — Terminology, sustainability factors and reporting.
4  Sustainability factors 4.1  General The sustainability factors presented in Table 1 apply for achieving the sustainability balance between environmental, social and economic needs during an earth-moving machine’s useful life and end-of- life. The useful life typically has the greatest impact on that balance. This impact is taken into account in the development process and the sustainability information for both useful life and end of life is covered in Table 1. The general sustainability principles of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 apply for the machine development process and manufacturing process. Estimates taken from the application of these sustainability factors can be used to provide information for the work site or work project. The work-site energy efficiency (see 4.2) and GHG (see 4.3) factors are best evaluated at the actual work site or work project level, where the total amount of energy/fuel used can be measured relative to the amount of work done to complete the work project. NOTE  Due to the variability and variety of machine operations (e.g. applications, operator skill or terrain), the estimates of energy use are not sufficiently accurate to enable comparisons between different machine models and sizes.
4.2  Work-site energy efficiency The work-site energy efficiency factor is defined as the energy used for the work done to complete the project. It is generally expressed in units of material moved per amount of energy used/fuel consumed. Common units are cubic metres or tonnes of material per kilowatt hour of energy used. For some applications, the distance that material is moved can be an important parameter, so the energy efficiency could be given in units of cubic metres or tonnes of material per distance in metres per kWh energy used. Determining energy efficiency for machines requires measuring both their energy use and the machine productivity. The contributions of individual machines to the work-site energy efficiency can be estimated by the energy use/fuel consumption of machines versus the amount of work done. The amount of energy/fuel that a machine uses depends upon the particular application and on the machine load factor for the application. An example of a method for estimating machine energy efficiency is provided in Annex B. 4.3  Work-site greenhouse gas emissions The work-site greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions factor for earth-moving-machinery consists of GHGs generated as a by-product of the energy/fuels used within earth-moving machines on a project to complete the work. This source of work-site GHG emissions considered includes the use of earth-moving machinery within the boundaries of a worksite over a typical eight-hour workday and does not include GHG emissions attributed to any additional stages of a product’s lifecycle. GHG emissions from all forms of energy/fuel used, such as fossil fuels, renewable fuels and electrical power, should be included in the accounting to determine the total of GHGs generated.