IS0 9:1995 pdf download – Information and documentation – Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters – Slavic and non- Slavic languages.
1 Scope This International Standard establishes a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of Slavic and non-Slavic languages, in accordance with the prin- ciples of stringent conversion in order to permit international information exchange, particularly by electronic means. For the transliteration of Slavic Cyrillic characters, tables 1 and 2 reproduce the tables published in the first edition of IS0 9:1986; for the transliteration of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of non-Slavic languages, table 3 adopts the transliteration of tables 1 and 2 for all characters similar to those of Slavic languages and gives equivalents for all supplementary characters intro- duced in the alphabets of non-Slavic languages. Table 3 includes in a single sequence, listed in the Cyrillic alphabetic order, the 118 single or diacritic- carrying characters that appear in one or another of the considered alphabets. The list of the languages written in these alphabets is given in annex C. 2 General principles of conversion of writing systems 2.1 The words in a language, which are written according to a given script (the converted system), sometimes have to be rendered according to a different system (the conversion system) normally used for a different language. The procedure is often used for historical or geographical texts, cartographi- cal documents and in particular bibliographical work where characters must be converted from different writing systems into a single alphabet to allow for alphabetical intercalation in bibliographies, catalogues, indexes, toponymic lists, etc.
2.2 Transliteration is the process which consists of representing the characters” of an alphabetical or syllabic writing by the characters of a conversion alphabet. In principle, the conversion should be made character by character: each character of the converted graphi- cal system is rendered by only one character of the conversion alphabet, this being the easiest way to ensure the complete and unambiguous reversibility of the conversion alphabet in the converted system. When the number of characters used in the conversion system is smaller than the number of characters of the converted system, it is necessary to use digraphs or diacritical marks. In this case, arbitrary choices and the use of purely conventional marks shall be avoided as far as possible, and a certain phonetic logic shall be maintained in order to give the system a wide acceptance. However, it must be accepted that the graphism ob- tained cannot always be correctly pronounced according to the phonetic habits of the language (or of all the languages) which usually use(s) the conversion alphabet. On the other hand this graphism shall be such that the reader who has a knowledge of the converted language may mentally restore unequivo- cally the original graphism and thus pronounce it.