ISO/TS 16901:2015 pdf download – Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installations including the ship/shore interface.
5 Safety Risk Management 5.1 Decision support framework for risk management Safety risk management is integrated in the project development and decision making processes and need as consistent support for decisions in all phases of an LNG development but does not include the full operational lifecycle. The approach to risk management should address the project-specific requirements as agreed between the different parties and stakeholders and also establish an agreed format to communicate risk and ensure that decisions are made in a consistent and agreed format through the life of the project. The acceptance criteria including the format should be defined in compliance with regulations and company standards. The format of the acceptance criteria prescribes thereby the approach as discussed below. There is a wide range of tools and approaches that can be used to support decisions related to risk management. UK Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA) presented a framework for decision support reflecting the significance of the decision as well decision context. The framework as shown for information in Figure 1 illustrates the balancing between use of codes and standards, QRA, and decision processes reflecting company and societal values.
5.2 Prescriptive safety or risk performance Both prescriptive and risk-based approaches are used in the planning, design, and operation of LNG facilities. Prescriptive approaches represent industry experience and practices. The main advantages with prescriptive approaches are predictability and effective decision processes in the design. The main objections to the use of prescriptive approaches are that they do not accommodate new solutions and thereby can limit novel development and improvement. Further, when the requirements are met, the prescriptive approaches do not encourage a continued effort for further improvements. Risk-based approaches have developed in the nuclear and offshore industries. Risk-based approaches are used in many parts of the world and are gaining a wider usage. In essence, risk-based approaches start from first principles aiming at demonstration that the risk acceptance criteria are met with a proper selection of design and operational measures. In principle, no “prescribed solutions” should be given as a starting point (but in reality, good industry experience, practices, and standards are adopted as the starting point).